< Paeonaeus, son of Socos >
1 Origin
In 1444 BC, Paeonaeus was born in Aptera of Crete.
Paeonaeus's father was Socos.
Paeonaeus's mother was Combe.
2 Other
In 1419 BC, Paeonaeus moved to Olympia in Eleia with his brothers and held the first Olympic Games.
His brothers were the Idaean Heracles, Epimedes, Iasius, and Idas.
< Petraeus, son of Carystus >
1 Origin
In 1280 BC, Petraeus was born in Carystus of Euboea.
Petraeus's father was Carystus.
Carystus was the son of Scyrius, son of Cecrops, the seventh king of Athenians.
2 Family
Petraeus had a son, Zarex.
Zarex's son Anius was a priest in Delos.
< Philonis (or Chione), daughter of Pandion >
1 Origin
In 1305 BC, Philonis was born in Thoricus of Attica.
Philonis' mother was Cleoboia.
Philonis' father was Deion.
Deion, who lived in Thoricus, is presumed to have been Pandion, the 8th King of Athenians, based on the following facts.
1) Cephalus, son of Deion, was king of the Athenians.
2) Cephalus, son of Deionus, lived in Thoricus.
3) Cephalus, son of Deion, married Procris daughter of Erechtheus in Thoricus.
4) Hyginus tells us that Nisus, King of Megara, was the son of Deion, while many traditions tell us that he was the son of Pandion.
In other words, Pandion, the 8th Athenian king, had the alias Deion (or Deioneus).
Philonis' father was Athenian King Pandion.
2 Family
Philonis married Daedalion, who lived near Mount Parnassus.
Daedalion and Philonis had twin sons, Autolycus and Philammon.
Autolycus became the grandfather of Odysseus, and Philammon became the ancestor of the famous poets Orpheus and Homer.
< Phylas, son of Antiochus >
1 Origin
In 1227 BC, Phylas was born in Alopece of Attica.
Phylas's father was Antiochus.
2 Family
Phylas' wife was Leipephilene (or Leipephile), daughter of Iolais (or Iolaus).
Phylas and Leipephilene had a son, Hippotas (or Hippotes), and a daughter, Thero (or Thuro).
3 Others
Hippotas' son, Aletes, became the founder of Corinth, where the Dorians ruled.
Thero had Chaeron, founder of Chaeroneia.
< Podalirus, son of Asclepius >
1 Origin
In 1215 BC, Podalirus (or Podalirius, Podaleirius) was born in Tricca of Thessaly.
Podalirus's father was Asclepius (or Aesculapius).
Podalirus's mother was Epione.
2 Family
Podalirus's wife was Syrna.
Syrna's father Damaethus was presumed to be the son of Staphylus, son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, and ruled Bybastus in Caria.
3 Others
3.1 Trojan War
Podalirus is thought to have participated in the Troy expedition led by Achilles, son of Peleus, together with Machaon.
The Achaeans, defeated in the battle, fled to various places. Podalirus settled in Caria and founded Syrnus.
3.2 Descendants
Hippocrates, the son of Heraclides, known as the father of medicine, was a descendant of Podalirus.
Hippocrates was also the 20th generation descendant of Heracles.
It is likely that there was an intermarriage relationship between the descendants of Thessalus, the son of Heracles, who lived on the island of Cos, and the descendants of Podalirus, who lived in Caria.
< Prymnis, son of Agelas >
1 Origin
In 1010 BC, Prymnis was born in Corinth.
Prymnis's father was Agelas.
Aletes, the father of Ixion, the father of Agelas, was the founder of the Dorians-ruled Corinth.
2 Family
Prymnis had a son, Bacchis.
Bacchis became the founder of the Bacchidae.
< Pyttius, son of Actor >
1 Origin
In 1307 BC, Pyttius was born in Phthia in Thessaly.
Pyttius' father is not mentioned in the legends.
However, Automedon, the son of Diores, son of Amarynceus, son of Pyttius, is said to have participated in the expedition to Troy and served as a charioteer of Achilles.
In other words, Automedon was one of the Myrmidons, and Pyttius was also related to the lineage of the Myrmidons and was presumably the son of Actor.
2 Family
Pyttius had a son, Amarynceus.
In 1243 BC, Amarynceus was appointed general by King Augeas of Elis when Heracles attacked Elis.
3 Others
In 1280 BC, Pyttius moved to the area near Salmone in Eleia and founded Buprasium.
Salmone was founded in 1335 BC by Salmoneus, son of Aeolus, who moved from Arne near Phthia.
< Psamathe, daughter of Scyrius >
1 Origin
Psamathe was born in Salamis in 1310 BC.
Psamathe was the daughter of Nereus and the sister of Thetis.
Thetis' father was Scyrius, also called Sciron, Scirus, Chiron, and Cheiron.
Thus, Psamathe's father was Scyrius.
2 Family
Psamathe married Aeacus, son of Actor.
Psamathe and Aeacus had a son, Phocus.
< Philaeus, son of Ajax >
1 Origin
Philaeus (or Philius) was born in Megara in 1220 BC.
His father was Ajax, son of Telamon.
His mother was Lysidice, daughter of Coronus.
2 Family
Philaeus' wife is presumed to have been Agamemnon's daughter Iphigenia.
The reasons are as follows:
1) There was a heroine for Iphigenia in Megara, where Philaeus is thought to have lived with his father Ajax, king of Megara.
2) Philaeus moved to Brauron in Attica.
3) Iphigenia became a priestess to Artemis and is presumed to have died in Brauron.
4) Iphigenia's brother Hyperion succeeded him as king of Megara.
< Patroclus, son of Menoetius >
1 Origin
Patroclus was born in Opus, Epicnemidian Locris, in 1235 BC.
Patroclus' father was Menoetius.
Patroclus' mother was Philomela (or Polymele), daughter of Peleus.
2 Others
2.1 Emigration to Phthia
According to legend, Patroclus murdered Clitonymus, son of Amphidamas, or Aeanes, and fled from Opus to Phthia.
It is also thought that Patroclus was banished from Opus by Cynus, son of Opus.
Opus, father of Cynus, had left Opus to Menoetius, father of Patroclus, instead of Cynus.
However, the rule of the Locrians was passed on to Cynus, Hodoedocus, Oileus, and Ajax, but they did not live in Opus.
It therefore seems likely that Patroclus was not exiled to Cynus, but left Opus for other reasons.
2.2 Troy Expedition
In 1188 BC, the sons of Antenor expelled the sons of Priam and occupied Ilium.
The sons of Priam requested reinforcements from the Achaeans, who had been on friendly terms with them through the use of the Hellespont.
The Achaeans organized an expeditionary force against Troy, with Achilles as its commander-in-chief.
Achilles' nephew Patroclus also participated in the expedition.
Patroclus was killed in battle with the sons of Antenor.
Patroclus' tomb was located near the tomb of Achilles in Sigeium, northwest of Ilium.
< Peleus, son of Aeacus >
1 Origin
Peleus was born in Aegina in 1280 BC.
Peleus' father was Aeacus, son of Actor.
Peleus' mother was Endeis, daughter of Scyrius.
2 Family
2.1 Wife Polydora
Peleus took Polydora, daughter of Perieres, who lived near the Spercheius River, to Aegina as his wife.
Peleus and Polydora had a daughter, Philomela (or Polymele).
Perieres is presumed to be the son of Actor.
Peleus and Polydora were therefore cousins.
2.2 Wife Antigone
Peleus emigrated from Aegina to Eurytion, son of Actor, who lived in Phthia.
Peleus married Antigone, daughter of Eurytion, and had a daughter, Polydora.
Eurytion was the brother of Aeacus, the father of Peleus, and Peleus and Antigone were cousins.
2.3 Wife Thetis
Peleus rescued Thetis from Iolcus, which had been destroyed by the Minyans, and married her.
Thetis was presumably the wife of the son of Acastus, the son of Pelias, who lived in Iolcus.
Peleus and Thetis had a son, Achilles.
3 Others
3.1 Emigration to Phthia
In 1256 BC, Peleus emigrated from Aegina to Eurytion in Phthia.
Phthia was the birthplace of Peleus' father Aeacus, and Eurytion was Peleus' uncle.
Peleus' brothers, Phocus and Telamon, also left Aegina.
The reason for the migration of Aeacus' sons is presumed to be as follows:
In 1264 BC, in the war between Minos and Aegeus, king of Athens, the inhabitants of Aegina and Salamis sided with Aegeus.
Aeacus' wives in Aegina were Aegeus' sisters.
Cychreus of Salamis was Aegeus' brother.
The Cretans migrated to Aegina, and the Aeacus family lived with them.
After Aeacus' death, his sons left Aegina and migrated to various places.
3.2 Expulsion of the Minyans
In 1236 BC, Peleus expelled the Minyans, who had rebelled and destroyed Iolcus.
As a result, it is believed that Phthia took over trade with the Black Sea coast, which was the source of Iolcus' wealth.
3.3 Exile of Phoenix
In 1230 BC, Peleus entrusted Dolopia to Phoenix, the son of Amyntor. Phoenix had fled from Ormenium to Peleus after fighting with his father.
Peleus was the son of Aeacus, the son of Actor, the brother of Eupolemeia, the mother of Ormenus, the father of Amyntor, the father of Phoenix.
In other words, Peleus was a second cousin of Amyntor, the father of Phoenix.
3.4 Death of Peleus
In 1227 BC, Heracles fought against the Lapiths who lived in Gyrton, Itonus, and Ormenium.
These towns were adjacent to Peleus' territory, but Peleus does not appear in the battle between Heracles and the Lapiths. Ceyx of Trachis, who was in Heracles' army, was the half-brother of Peleus' father Aeacus and Peleus' uncle. If Peleus had lived, he would have been in Heracles' army.
It is likely that Peleus was dead by this time.
< Pherespondos, son of Iphthime >
1 Origin
Pherespondos was born in northern Thessaly in 1440 BC.
Pherespondos' mother was Iphthime, daughter of Dorus.
Pherespondos' father was probably a Pelasgian.
2 Others
Pherespondos had brothers, Lycos and Pronomos.
One of them married Polydore, daughter of Danaus, and had a son, Dryops.
Dryops became the eponym of the Dryopians.
< Pronomos, son of Iphthime >
1 Origin
Pronomos was born in northern Thessaly in 1436 BC.
Pronomos' mother was Iphthime, daughter of Dorus.
Pronomos' father was probably a Pelasgian.
2 Others
Pronomos had brothers, Lycos and Pherespondos.
One of them married Polydore, daughter of Danaus, and had a son, Dryops.
Dryops became the eponym of the Dryopians.
< Pronous, son of Deucalion >
1 Origin
Pronous was born in 1425 BC in Doris near the Peneius River in northern Thessaly.
Pronous' father was Deucalion, son of Dorus.
2 Family
Pronous had a son, Hellen.
3 Others
In 1420 BC, Pronous emigrated from northern Thessaly to the land (later Cynus) at the eastern end of Epicnemidian Locris.
In 1390 BC, Pronous, along with his other brothers, drove the Pelasgians out of Thessaly.
After the battle, Pronous emigrated to Thessaly.
Pronous's residence is presumably Phthia, where the Pelasgians had left.
Dotus, son of Neonus, son of Hellen, son of Pronous, was the godfather of the Dotium plain in Thessaly.
< Polydore, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Polydore was born in Argos in 1430 BC.
Polydore's father was Danaus, who had emigrated to Argos from Egypt.
2 Family
Polydore had a son, Dryops.
Polydore's husband was the son of Iphthime, also known as the river god Peneius.
3 Others
Polydore lived near the river Spercheius.
< Physcius, son of Aetolus >
1 Origin
Physcius was born in Antheia near Thermopylae in 1385 BC.
Physcius' father was Aetolus, son of Amphictyon.
2 Family
Physcius married Maera, daughter of Proetus.
Proetus was the son of Thersandorus, son of Sisyphus, founder of Corinth.
Physcius had a son Locrus.
Physcius had a daughter Thebe.
3 Others
Physcius succeeded his father as ruler of Epicnemidian Locris.
< Phrixus, son of Athamas >
1 Origin
In 1420 BC, Phrixus was born in Arne of Thessaly.
Phrixus' father was Athamas, son of Aeolus.
2 Family
Phrixus' wife was Chalciope (or Iophossa, Euenia), daughter of Aeetes.
Phrixus had a son Melas.
Phrixus had a son Argus.
Phrixus had a son Cytissorus (or Cylindrus, Cytisorus, Cytorus).
Phrixus had a son, Presbon (or Phrontis).
Presbon was the youngest son.
3 Others
In 1415 BC, Phrixus moved from Arne to Halus, founded by his father Athamas.
In 1396 BC, Phrixus married Chalciope, daughter of Aeetes.
Chalciope was the daughter of Aeetes, son of Sisyphus, brother of Phrixus' father Athamas.
In 1390 BC, Phrixus and his family joined a group of immigrants led by Aeetes and moved to Colchis on the eastern coast of the Black Sea.
< Presbon, son of Phrixus >
1 Origin
Presbon (or Phrontis) was born in 1385 BC in Colchis.
Presbon's father was Phrixus, son of Athamas.
Presbon's mother was Chalciope, daughter of Aeetes.
2 Family
Presbon had a son Clymenus.
3 Others
Pausanias mentions that Phrixus or his son Presbon returned from Colchis to Athamas in Boeotia.
Hyginus notes that it was the sons of Phrixus who tried to return to Athamas.
Herodotus states that it was Cytissorus, son of Phrixus, who returned to Athamas.
Although there is some confusion in the tradition, it is assumed that it was Melas and Presbon, the two sons of Phrixus, who returned to Athamas, for the following reasons.
1) Apollonius notes that Phrixus died of old age in the house of Aeetes.
2) Melas married Eurycleia, daughter of Athamas.
3) Presbon's son Clymenus succeeded Orchomenus.
4) Cytissorus, son of Phrixus, founded Cytorus on the southern shore of the Black Sea.
The cause of the migration of Phrixus' sons is presumably related to the migration of Asterios, son of Minos, son of Europa, to Colchis.
As a result, Asterios took up residence in Colchis, while the two sons of Phrixus, Presbon and Melas, migrated to Boeotia and Phrixus' son Cytissorus to the southern coast of the Black Sea.
These events are estimated to have occurred in 1370 BC.
Who ruled Colchis after Asterios is unknown.
Presumably, Asterios married a daughter of Phrixus, and their granddaughter Perseis (or Perse) married into the Tauric Chersonese (now Crimea) and had two sons, Perses and Aeetes.
Perses succeeded his father as governor of Tauric Chersonese, and Aeetes emigrated from Tauric Chersonese to Colchis.
This Aeetes is not Sisyphus' son Aeetes who first migrated to Colchis, but Perseis' son Aeetes who appears in the Argonauts' expedition story.
< Polymedes, son of Phineus >
1 Origin
Polymedes was born in 1360 BC in Salmydessus on the southwestern coast of the Black Sea.
Polymedes' father was Phineus, son of Belus.
Polymedes' father was Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas.
2 Family
Polymedes, or Clytius, married Perseis (or Perse).
To them was born Aeetes, who became the father of Jason's wife Medea.
3 Others
Polymedes emigrated from Salmydessus to Tauric Chersonese (present-day Crimea) with his brother Clytius.
< Plexippus, son of Phineus >
1 Origin
Plexippus was born in 1360 BC in Salmydessus on the southwestern coast of the Black Sea.
Plexippus' father was Phineus, son of Belus.
Plexippus' father was Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas.
2 Family
Plexippus, or Pandion, married Perseis (or Perse).
To them was born Aeetes, who became the father of Jason's wife Medea.
3 Others
Plexippus emigrated from Salmydessus to Tauric Chersonese (present-day Crimea) with his brother Pandion.
< Pandion, son of Phineus >
1 Origin
Pandion was born in 1360 BC in Salmydessus on the southwestern coast of the Black Sea.
Pandion' father was Phineus, son of Belus.
Pandion' father was Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas.
2 Family
Pandion, or Plexippus, married Perseis (or Perse).
To them was born Aeetes, who became the father of Jason's wife Medea.
3 Others
Pandion emigrated from Salmydessus to Tauric Chersonese (present-day Crimea) with his brother Plexippus.
< Phineus, son of Belus >
1 Origin
Phineus was born in Archandropolis, Nile Delta, Egypt, in 1400 BC.
Phineus' father was Belus.
2 Family
Phineus married Idaea, daughter of Dardanus.
Phineus and Idaea had a son Thynus.
Phineus and Idaea had a son Mariandinus.
Phineus married Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas.
Phineus and Cleopatra had two sons, Clytius and Polymedes (or Plexippus, Pandion).
3 Others
In 1390 BC, Phineus and his father Belus joined a group of immigrants led by Aeetes, son of Sisyphus, and emigrated to the mouth of the Aesepus River, just before Cyzicus. Their settlement came to be called Ethiopia.
In 1381 BC, Phineus married Idaea, who lived in Dardanus.
In 1380 BC, Phineus moved to the southwestern coast of the Black Sea and founded Salmydessus.
In 1365 BC, Phineus married Cleopatra, who lived near the Rheginia (now Ergene) River in Thracia.
< Perseis, mother of Pasiphae >
1 Origin
Perseis (or Perse) was born in 1355 BC in Colchis on the eastern shore of the Black Sea.
Medea, the daughter of Aeetes, son of Perseis, became the ruler of the town at the request of the Corinthians.
This is thought to be because Medea was a descendant of Sisyphus, the founder of Corinth.
Perseis was therefore a descendant of Aeetes, the son of Sisyphus, who was the first settler of Colchis.
1.1 Perseis' parents
Perseis' mother was the daughter of Chalciope, daughter of Aeetes, and Perseis' father is presumed to be Asterios, son of Minos, son of Europa.
Asterios settled in Colchis in 1370 BC.
It is thought that it was blood ties that allowed Pasiphae, daughter of Perseis, daughter of Asterios, to marry Minos, who was a descendant of Minos, son of Europa.
2 Family
2.1 Perseis' husband
Perseis' husband is presumed to be the son of Boreas' daughter Cleopatra, based on the following:
1) Tauric Chersonese (now Crimea)
Helius (Sun) and Perseis had a son, Aeetes.
Helius had two sons, Perses and Aeetes, who ruled Tauric Chersonese and Aeetes ruled Colchis.
Aeetes married Perses' daughter, Hecate.
In other words, Perses was presumed to have been older than Aeetes and succeeded his father.
It is also presumed that Perseis married into the ruler of Tauric Chersonese from Colchis.
2) Ruler of Tauric Chersonese
Cleopatra's two sons, Clytius, Polymedes (or Plexippus, Pandion), settled in Tauric Chersonese from Salmydessus on the southwestern coast of the Black Sea.
Their mother, Cleopatra's father, Boreas, participated in the migration group led by Aeetes, ancestor of Perseis.
It is assumed that the descendants of Boreas and Aeetes had contact with each other even after the settlement.
From the above, it is assumed that Perseis married from Colchis to Cleopatra's son who settled in Tauric Chersonese.
2.2 Children of Perseis
Perseis had a son, Perses.
Perseis had a son, Aeetes.
Perseis had a daughter, Pasiphae.
Perseis had a daughter, Circe.
< Pasiphae, daughter of Perseis >
1 Origin
Pasiphae was born in Tauric Chersonese (now Crimea) in 1315 BC.
Pasiphae's mother was Perseis (or Perse).
Pasiphae's father was presumably the son of Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas.
2 Family
Pasiphae married Minos.
Minos and Pasiphae had a son, Catreus.
Minos and Pasiphae had a son, Deucalion.
Minos and Pasiphae had a son, Glaucus.
Minos and Pasiphae had a son, Androgeus.
Minos and Pasiphae had a daughter, Acalle.
Minos and Pasiphae had a daughter, Xenodice.
Minos and Pasiphae had a daughter, Ariadne.
Minos and Pasiphae had a daughter, Phaedra.
3 Others
It is assumed that the following circumstances made the marriage between Pasiphae and Minos possible.
1) Blood relationship
The father of Perseis, mother of Pasiphae, was Asterios, the son of Minos, the son of Europa.
Pasiphae's husband, Minos, was a descendant of Asterios' father, Minos.
In other words, Pasiphae and Minos shared a common ancestor, Minos, the son of Europa.
2) Other
At the time of his marriage to Pasiphae, Minos lived in Dardanus on the Troad.
Dardanus faces the Hellespont, the entrance to the Black Sea, and it is assumed that trade ships with the Tauric Chersonese also traveled there.
< Perses, son of Perseis >
1 Origin
Perses was born in Tauric Chersonese (now Crimea) in 1335 BC.
Perses' mother was Perseis (or Perse).
Perses' father is presumed to be the son of Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas.
2 Family
Perses had a daughter, Hecate (or Idyia).
3 Others
Perses succeeded his father as ruler of Tauric Chersonese.
< Pandion, son of Cecrops >
1 Origin
Pandion was born in Cecropia (later Athens) in 1345 BC.
Pandion's father was Cecrops, son of Erechtheus.
Pandion's mother was Metiadusa (or Metiaduse), daughter of Eupalamus.
2 Family
Pandion adopted Aegeus, son of Scyrius.
Pandion married Pylia, daughter of Pylas, who lived in Megara.
Pandion and Pylia had three sons: Pallas, Nisus, and Lycus.
Pandion had sons: Teleon and Alcon.
Pandion had a son, Oeneus.
Pandion had a son, Teuthras.
Pandion had a son, Cephalus.
Pandion had a daughter, Philonis.
Pandion had a daughter, Merope (or Alcippe).
Pandion had a daughter, Procris.
Pandion also had a daughter who married Sciron, son of Pylas.
3 Others
3.1 Another names
Pandion was also known by the another names, Erechtheus and Deion.
3.2 Biography
In 1320 BC, Cecrops, son of Erechtheus, emigrated to Euboea.
Pandion emigrated to Scyros with Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, Scirus).
The cause of this migration is thought to be a dispute with Cecrops' brother Metion.
In 1319 BC, Pandion adopted Scyrius' son Aegeus.
In 1318 BC, Pandion emigrated to Megara and married Pylia, daughter of Pylas.
In 1312 BC, Pandion returned from Megara to Athens with the help of Pylas and became king of Athens.
In 1295 BC, Pandion was driven out of Athens by the sons of Metion and went into exile in Megara.
In 1287 BC, Pandion died of illness in Megara.
< Procris, daughter of Pandion >
1 Origin
Procris was born in 1310 BC in Cecropia (later Athens).
Procris' father was Pandion, the eighth king of Athens.
2 Family
Procris married Cephalus.
Cephalus was the son of Pandion.
Thus, the marriage of Cephalus and Procris was a marriage between half-siblings.
Cephalus and Procris had no children.
Procris is thought to have died of an illness, and Cephalus, pursued by his brother-in-law Aegeus, emigrated to the island of Cephallenia via Thebes.
< Polyneices, son of Oedipus >
1 Origin
In 1248 BC, Polyneices (or Polynices) was born in Tenea, Argolis.
Polyneices' father was Oedipus.
Polyneices' mother was Euryganeia, daughter of Hyperphas.
2 Family
Polyneices' wife was Argia (or Argea), daughter of Adrastus.
Polyneices had a son, Thersander.
Polyneices had two sons, Adrastus and Timeas.
3 Others
3.1 Emigration to Thebes
In 1238 BC, a Sphinx rebellion broke out in Boeotia; Oedipus led the Corinthians to support the Thebans and put down the Sphinx rebellion.
Polyneices emigrated with his father Oedipus from Tenea to Thebes.
3.2 Exile to Argos
In 1225 BC, Polyneices and his brother Eteocles exiled their father Oedipus from Thebes.
Polyneices was driven out of Thebes by Eteocles and went into exile with Adrastus of Argos.
Adrastus was the son of Lysianassa, daughter of Polybus, the foster father of Polyneices' father Oedipus.
In other words, Polyneices defected to his cousin-in-law Adrastus.
While Polyneices was living in Tenea, Adrastus fled Argos and went into exile in Sicyon.
It is likely that Polyneices and Adrastus had known each other since that time.
In Argos, Polyneices married Adrastus' daughter Argia.
3.3 Death of Father Oedipus
Polyneices' father Oedipus died in Athens.
Polyneices had his wife Argia attend Oedipus' funeral in Thebes.
Adrastus accompanied his brother Mecisteus and Amphiaraus, husband of his sister Eriphyle, to Thebes as Argia's escort.
3.4 Argives' attack on Thebes
Polyneices then returned to Thebes at the invitation of Eteocles.
However, the conflict between Polyneices and Eteocles deepened, and Polyneices begged his father-in-law Adrastus for reinforcements to attack Thebes.
In 1215 BC, Adrastus, at Polyneices' request, led his own expeditionary force against Thebes.
In this battle, Polyneices was killed.
< Pisus, son of Aphareus >
1 Origin
Pisus was born in Arene, Messenia, in 1275 BC.
Pisus' father was Aphareus, son of Perieres.
2 Family
Pisus' wife and children are unknown.
< Phoebe, daughter of Leucippus >
1 Origin
Phoebe was born in Andania, Messenia, in 1260 BC.
Phoebe's father was Leucippus, son of Perieres.
2 Family
Phoebe married Polydeuces (or Pollux), son of Tyndareus.
Phoebe was taken prisoner when Tyndareus attacked Andania.
Phoebe's father Leucippus and Polydeuces' father Tyndareus were half-brothers, and Phoebe and Polydeuces were cousins.
Phoebe and Polydeuces had a son, Mnesileus (or Mnasinous).
3 Others
Phoebe was abducted by Polydeuces from Andania to Sparta in 1237 BC.
Phoebe and her sister Hilaria had a sanctuary in Sparta.
< Plexippus, son of Thestius >
1 Origin
1270 BC, Plexippus was born in Pleuron.
Plexippus' father was Thestius, son of Pleuron. [Apo.1.7.10]
Plexippus' mother was Laophonte, daughter of Pleuron. [FGrH.Nr333.F9]
2 Others
In 1246 BC, Plexippus died in battle with the sons of Oeneus. [Apo.1.7.10]
< Prothous, son of Thestius >
1 Origin
Prothous was born in Pleuron in 1275 BC.
Prothous' father was Thestius, son of Pleuron. [Paus.8.45.6]
Prothous' mother was Laophonte, daughter of Pleuron. [FGrH.Nr333.F9]
2 Others
In 1246 BC, Prothous died in battle with the sons of Oeneus. [Paus.8.45.6]
< Pronoe, daughter of Phorbus >
1 Origin
Pronoe (or Astynome) was born in 1343 BC near the Peneius River in northern Thessaly.
Pronoe's father was Phorbus, son of Lapithus. [Apo.1.7.7]
2 Family
Pronoe married Aetolus, son of Endymion, who lived in Elis. [Apo.1.7.7]
Aetolus was the son of Endymion, son of Aethlius, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
Pronoe was the daughter of Phorbus, son of Lapithus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes. [Apo.1.7.7]
Aetolus was therefore Pronoe's second cousin.
Aetolus and Pronoe had two sons, Pleuron and Calydon. [Apo.1.7.7]
< Pleuron, son of Aetolus >
1 Origin
Pleuron was born in Elis, Eleia, in 1325 BC.
Pleuron's father was Aetolus, son of Endymion. [Apo.1.7.7]
Pleuron's mother was Pronoe, daughter of Phorbus. [Apo.1.7.7]
2 Family
Pleuron married Xanthippe, daughter of Dorus, who was taken prisoner in a battle between Aetolus and the natives. [Apo.1.7.7]
Pleuron also had a wife named Demonice. [FGrH.Nr4.F119]
Pleuron had a son, Thestius. [FGrH.Nr4.F119]
Pleuron had a son, Agenor. [Apo.1.7.7, Paus.3.13.8]
Pleuron had a son, Daipylus (or Pylus). [Apo.1.7.7, Bacchy.5.140]
Pleuron had a son, Molus. [Apo.1.7.7]
Pleuron had a son, Evenus. [Apo.1.7.7]
Pleuron had daughters, Laophonte, Stratonice, and Sterope. [Apo.1.7.7]
3 Other
3.1 Emigration to Aetolia
In 1320 BC, Pleuron migrated from Elis in Eleia to Aetolia accompanied by his father Aetolus. [Apo.1.7.6, Paus.5.1.8, Strabo.8.3.33]
Pleuron lived in Pleuron, which his father Aetolus founded. [Apo.1.7.7]
3.2 Marriage to Perimede
Apollodoros reports that Perimede, daughter of Aeolus, who lived in Thessaly, married Achelous and had a son, Hippodamas. [Apo.1.7.3]
This Achelous is thought to be the river god of the Achelous, which flows between Aetolia and Acarnania.
Apollodoros further reports that Euryte, the daughter of Hippodamas, married Porthaon, the son of Agenor, the son of Pleuron. [Apo.1.7.10]
In other words, it is assumed that Perimede married a powerful man who lived in Pleuron, near the Achelous River, from Thessaly.
In the time of Euryte's father Hippodamas' father, Pleuron, the father of Agenor, the father of Porthaon, ruled Pleuron.
Therefore, it is assumed that Perimede's husband was Pleuron, the son of Aetolus.
3.2.1 Support for the presumption
Marriage to Aetolia, far from Thessaly, was possible due to kinship.
Pleuron's father Aetolus married Pronoe, daughter of Phorbus, son of Lapithus, from Thessaly. [Apo.1.7.7]
Perimede was the daughter of Aeolus, son of Lapithus, and Pronoe was her cousin. [Apo.1.7.3]
In other words, Perimede married Pleuron, son of her cousin Pronoe.
3.2.2 Children of Perimede
Perimede had two sons, Hippodamas and Orestes. [Apo.1.7.3]
Hippodamas' daughter Euryte married Porthaon, son of Agenor, son of Pleuron. [Apo.1.7.10]
< Parthaon, son of Agenor >
1 Origin
Parthaon (or Porthaon, Portheus) was born in Pleuron, Aetolia, in 1280 BC.
Parthaon's father was Agenor, son of Pleuron. [Apo.1.7.7]
Parthaon's mother was Epicaster, daughter of Calydon. [Apo.1.7.7]
2 Family
Parthaon married Euryte, daughter of Hippodamas. [Apo.1.7.10]
Parthaon and Euryte had a son, Agrius. [Apo.1.7.10, Hyginus.242]
Parthaon and Euryte had a son, Melas. [Apo.1.7.10, Home.14.109, Apo.1.8.5]
Parthaon and Euryte had a son, Alcathous. [Apo.1.7.10, Paus.6.20.17]
Parthaon and Euryte had a son, Leucopeus. [Apo.1.7.10]
Parthaon and Euryte had a daughter, Melpomene (or Sterope). [Apo.1.7.10]
Parthaon also had a daughter, Dia, who married Agrius. [FGrH.333.123]
Parthaon also had a son, Oeneus, who is mistakenly believed to be the father of Tydeus. [Apo.1.7.10, Hyginus.14, Hesiod.CW.F98, Paus.4.35.1, Antoninus.2, Home.14.117]
3 Others
Parthaon ruled the area around Pleuron. [Strabo.10.3.6]
So Parthaon was the leader of the Curetes, as was Thestius, the brother of his father Agenor. [Strabo.10.3.6]
< Perimede, daughter of Aeolus >
1 Origin
Perimede was born in 1323 BC near the Peneius River in northern Thessaly.
Perimede's father was Aeolus, son of Lapithus. [Apo.1.7.3]
2 Family
Perimede married Achelous and had two sons, Hippodamas and Orestes. [Apo.1.7.3]
Achelous was the name of a river god, and his human name is presumably Pleuron, son of Aetolus. [See Pleuron]
3 Others
Perimede was married off from Thessaly to Pleuron, son of Aetolus, who lived in Aetolia. [Apo.1.7.3]
This long-distance marriage was made possible by kinship. [See Pleuron]
< Prothous, son of Parthaon >
1 Origin
In 1230 BC, Prothous was born at Pleuron in Aetolia.
Prothous' father was Agrius, son of Parthaon. [Apo.1.8.6].
Prothous' mother was Dia, daughter of Parthaon. [FGrH.333.123].
2 Others
Prothous, together with his brothers, exiled Oeneus of Calydon. [Paus.2.25.2]
Prothous was then attacked and killed in battle by Diomedes, son of Tydeus. [Apo.1.8.6, Hyginus.175, Paus.2.25.2]
< Phoenix, son of Agenor >
1 Origin
Phoenix was born in Thebes, Nile Delta, Egypt, in 1465 BC.
Phoenix's father was Agenor, son of Libya. [Apo.2.1.4, Hyginus.157]
Phoenix's mother was Damno, daughter of Belus. [FGrH.333.21]
2 Family
Phoenix married Perimede, daughter of Oeneus. [Paus.7.4.1]
Phoenix and Perimede had a daughter, Europa. [Apo.3.1.1, Dictys.1.2, Diod.5.78.1, Hyginus.155]
Phoenix and Perimede had a daughter, Astypalaea. [Hyginus.157, Paus.7.4.1]
3 Others
3.1 Marriage
Phoenix married Perimede, daughter of Oeneus. [Paus.7.4.1]
Oeneus was the great-grandson of Herse, daughter of Cecrops, the first king of Athens, and is presumed to have lived in Tyre. [Estimated from Apo.3.14.3 and MarceReg.30 and connection to Tyre]
3.2 Migration to Tyre
In 1430 BC, Phoenix migrated from Egypt to Tyre in Phoenicia. [Estimated from Herod.1.2]
This is presumed to have been due to oppression of Greeks living in the Nile Delta by the Egyptian 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III.
< Prymneus, son of Socos >
1 Origin
Prymneus was born in Aptera, northwest of Crete, in 1438 BC.
Prymneus' father was Socos. [Nonnus.13.135]
Prymneus' mother was Combe. [Nonnus.13.135]
2 Others
Prymneus appears in Nonnus' epic poem "Dionysiaca" as one of the seven sons of Socos.
< Pleisthenes, son of Thyestes >
1 Origin
Pleisthenes was born on the island of Cythera in 1250 BC.
Pleisthenes' father was Thyestes, son of Pelops. [Hyginus.88]
Pleisthenes' mother was Electra. [Hyginus.88]
< Periphetes, son of Copreus >
1 Origin
Periphetes was born in Pisa, Eleia, in 1260 BC.
Periphetes' father was Copreus, son of Pelops. [Apo.2.5.1]
2 Others
Periphetes was a messenger for Eurystheus, King of Mycenae. [Home.Il.15.639]
< Pleisthenes, son of Atreus >
1 Origin
Pleisthenes (or Plisthenes) was born in Midea, Argolis, in 1260 BC.
Pleisthenes' father was Atreus, son of Pelops. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
Pleisthenes' mother was Cleola, daughter of Dias. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
2 Family
Pleisthenes' wife was Aerope (or Eriphyle), daughter of Catreus. [Apo.3.2.2, Dictys.1.1, Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
Pleisthenes and Aerope had a son, Agamemnon. [Apo.3.2.2, Dictys.1.1, 5.16, Hyginus.124, Strabo.8.6.10]
Pleisthenes and Aerope had a son, Menelaus. [Apo.3.2.2, Dictys.1.1, 5.16, Paus.3.1.5, MalaChro.5.94]
It is presumed that Pleisthenes had a daughter, Anaxibia, with his half-sister, Kydragora. [FGrH.Nr333.F180]
The basis for this presumption is the following two traditions:
1) The mother of Pylades, the son of Strophius, the son of Crisus, was Anaxibia, the sister of Agamemnon. [Paus.2.29.4]
2) Pylades' mother was Anaxibia, daughter of Kydragora, daughter of Atreus, who was the sister of Agamemnon. [FGrH.Nr333.F180]
For Anaxibia, daughter of Kydragora, to be the sister of Agamemnon, son of Aerope, Pleisthenes must be their common father.
3 Others
3.1 Migration to Cleonae
In 1251 BC, Pleisthenes, accompanied by his father Atreus, migrated from Midea to Cleonae, which Atreus had founded. [FGrH.Nr2.F3, FGrH.Nr333.F20]
This migration of the Atreus family is thought to have been caused by the return of Electryon's son Licymnius from Thebes to his father's former territory of Midea. [Apo.2.4.8, Diod.4.33.2]
3.2 Marriage to Aerope
In 1235 BC, Pleisthenes married Aerope (or Eriphyle), daughter of Catreus, son of Minos, from Crete. [Apo.3.2.2, Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, Dictys.1.1]
At that time, Phliasus lived in Phlius, about 10 km from Cleonae.
Phliasus was the son of Ariadne, daughter of Minos, and Aerope was his cousin. [Hyginus.14, Paus.2.6.6, Apollo.1.115]
It is assumed that Phliasus mediated the long-distance marriage between Pleisthenes and Aerope.
3.3 Death of Pleisthenes
Pleisthenes died young, leaving behind children. [Dictys.1.1]
There is a legend that Aerope, wife of Pleisthenes, became the wife of Atreus. [Apo.E.2.10]
Agamemnon and Menelaus were Atreus's real grandsons and sons-in-law.
< Pelopia, daughter of Thyestes >
1 Origin
Pelopia (or Mnesiphane) was born on the island of Cythera in 1245 BC.
Pelopia' father was Thyestes, son of Pelops. [Hyginus.88]
Pelopia' mother was Electra. [Hyginus.88]
2 Family
Pelopia had a son, Aegisthus. [Apo.E.2.14, Hyginus.87, 88]
< Pelops, son of Tantalus >
1 Origin
Pelops was born in 1340 BC in the Berecyntian lands of the Troad.
Pelops' father was Tantalus. [Diod.4.74.3, Hyginus.124, Paus.5.25.10, Strabo.7.7.1]
Pelops' mother was Eurythemiste. [See Tantalus]
2 Family
Pelops married Danais (or Axioche) and had a son, Chrysippus. [Hyginus.85, Plut.Mor.313e, Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, Tzetzes.1.410]
Pelops married Hippodamia (or Hippodameia), daughter of Oenomaus. [Diod.4.73.6, Hyginus.86]
Pelops and Hippodamia had six sons. [Pind.Ol.1.89]
Pelops had a son Troezen. [Strabo.8.6.14]
Pelops had a son Pittheus. [Apo.3.15.7, Strabo.8.6.14]
Pelops had a son Alcathous. [Paus.1.41.3]
Pelops had a son Copreus. [Apo.2.5.1]
Pelops had a son Dias. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
Pelops had a son Letreus. [Paus.6.22.8]
Pelops had a son Thyestes. [Apo.E.2.10, Hyginus.124]
Pelops had a son Atreus. [Apo.E.2.10, Hyginus.124, Paus.9.40.11]
Pelops had a son Epidaurus. [Paus.2.26.2]
Pelops had a son Cleonymus (or Cleones). [FGrH.2.3, Paus.2.15.1]
Pelops had a son Argeius. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, FGrH.333.132]
Pelops had a son Hippalcimus (or Hippalcus). [Hyginus.14, 84]
Pelops had three sons, Heleius, Hippasus, and Cynosourus. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
Pelops had a son Corinthus (or Corintus). [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
Pelops had a daughter, Astydamia. [Apo.2.4.5]
Pelops had a daughter, Eurydice (or Lysidice). [Diod.4.9.1, Plut.These.7]
Pelops had a daughter, Lysidice. [Apo.2.4.5]
Pelops had a daughter, Nicippe (or Archippe, Amphibia). [Apo.2.4.5, FGrH.333.68]
2.1 Pelops' wives
Pelops had a wife and sons before he migrated to Greece.
Pelops' wife and sons were captured by Hittite troops in Asia Minor.
Pelops appears in Hittite texts under the name Tapalazunauli.
Pelops married Danais before he migrated to Greece and had a son, Chrysippus.
After he migrated to Greece, Pelops married Hippodamia.
Pelops later married Autochthe, daughter of Perseus. [See Atreus]
It is also assumed that Pelops had other wife.
3 Others
3.1 Relationship with Perseus
During Pelops' childhood, Perseus, son of Danae, lived near Pelops.
In 1335 BC, Perseus married Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus, and lived in Ethiopia. [Apo.2.4.3]
Ethiopia was a part of Tantalus' territory, near the mouth of the Aesepus River. [Estimated from Strabo.13.1.11]
It is believed that there was interaction between the families of Pelops and Perseus.
This is evidenced by the marriages between Pelops' daughters and Perseus' sons. [Apo.2.4.5, Diod.4.9.1]
3.2 Migration to Lydia
In 1325 BC, the Pelops family, driven by Ilus, son of Tros, emigrated to Lydia near Mt. Sipylus. [Diod.4.74.4]
The Pelops family acquired great wealth by mining gold from the deposits around Mt. Sipylus. [Strabo.14.5.28]
3.3 Seizing control of Arzawa
At that time, Lydia was part of Arzawa, and was ruled by Maskhuiluwa, son of Tarhuntaradu, who succeeded Anzapahhadu.
Tantalus, with his wealth and the support of the Maeonians, whose leaders were descendants of Manes, whose common ancestor was Inachus of Argos, expelled Maskhuiluwa and became king of Arzawa.
Tantalus appears in Hittite texts under the name Uhha-Ziti.
3.4 Battle with the Hittites
The inhabitants of Hittite vassals fled to Arzawa, where Tantalus lived.
Tantalus refused Hittite demands to hand them over, and a battle ensued.
Tantalus made Apasas (Ephesus) his base, and waited for the Hittite army led by Mursili II.
However, Tantalus fell ill before the Hittite army reached Apasas, and fled to a nearby island.
In 1318 BC, Tantalus' illness worsened and he died.
Pelops crossed from the island to the mainland and fought against Mursili II's army, but was defeated and besieged. Pelops escaped safely from the siege, but his wife and sons were taken prisoner.
Pelops' brother Broteas crossed from the island to the mainland and negotiated with Mursili II, but was sent to Hattusa.
Broteas appears in Hittite texts under the name Piyama-Kurunta.
3.5 Before the Migration to Greece
When Pelops migrated to Greece, he brought his son Chrysippus with him. [Hyginus.85, Plut.Mor.313e]
Pelops had been in Asia Minor for about three years after the battle with the Hittites, and Chrysippus was his son, born before Pelops crossed over to Peloponnesus.
Near Thebe, southeast of Mount Ida, there was a large tomb of Pelops' charioteer Cillus.
Cillus was the ruler of the region. [Strabo.13.1.63]
It seems that Pelops's range of activities extended to that region.
3.6 Migration to Greece
In 1315 BC, Pelops traveled from Asia Minor to Peloponnesus. [Paus.2.22.3]
It is assumed that Pelops landed in Peloponnesus in Laconia for the following reasons:
1) In Acriae, near the mouth of the Eurotas River, there was the oldest statue of the Mother of the Gods in the Peloponnesus peninsula. The oldest statue of the Mother of the Gods was in Lydia and was made by Pelops' brother Broteas. [Paus.3.22.4]
2) Acrias, the founder of Acriae, is the only one of the 12 people who are said to have been killed by Oenomaus who is believed to have actually existed at the time. It is assumed that Acrias accompanied Pelops to Olympia. [Apo.E.2.5, Paus.6.21.10]
3) Cynortas, son of Amyclas, who lived in Sparta, is also assumed to have accompanied Pelops to Olympia. Oebalus, son of Cynortas, had a wife named Batia. [Apo.3.10.4]
Batia is thought to have been the daughter of a prominent Phrygian who migrated to Greece with Pelops.
The tombs of the Phrygians who migrated to Greece with Pelops were found in various parts of the Peloponnesus, but a particularly large one was in Sparta. [Athen.625f]
3.7 Marriage with Hippodamia
Pelops first met Perseus, king of Mycenae, and it is assumed that Perseus accompanied Pelops to Olympia.
Pelops, on his way to Olympia along the river Alpheius, met Hippodamia at Pisa, whose father Oenomaus was Perseus' uncle-in-law, and Hippodamia was Perseus' cousin.
3.8 Succession of Pisa
Euripides, in "Iphigenia in Tauris," reports that "Pelops killed Oenomaus with a spear." [Eur. IT.826]
However, it is assumed that Pelops did not kill Oenomaus and take possession of Pisa, but rather inherited Pisa as Oenomaus's son-in-law. [See Oenomaus]
Pelops held the Olympic Games after Oenomaus. [Euseb.Chron.191, Paus.5.8.2]
3.9 Migration of Hippodamia to Midea
Pelops expelled Hippodamia from Pisa, and Hippodamia migrated to Midea. [Paus.6.20.7]
Hippodamia's daughter Eurydice (or Lysidice) was the wife of Electryon, king of Midea. [Diod.4.9.1, Paus.2.25.9]
Tradition tells us that the reason for Hippodamia's migration is related to her son-in-law Chrysippus. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, FGrH.4.157, Hyginus.85, 243, Plut.Mor.313e]
Around the time Hippodamia migrated to Midea, Pelops' sons also left Pisa.
It may be that Pelops forced his wife and sons to leave Pisa.
3.10 Pelops' successors
The name of the person who succeeded Pelops after his death is unknown.
Hippalcimus, son of Pelops, is the only participant from Pisa mentioned in the story of the Argonauts' expedition.
< Pittheus, son of Pelops >
1 Origin
Pittheus was born in Pisa, Eleia, in 1311 BC.
Pittheus' father was Pelops, son of Tantalus. [Apo.3.15.7, Strabo.8.6.14]
Pittheus' mother was Hippodamia (or Hippodameia), daughter of Oenomaus.
2 Family
Pittheus had a daughter, Aethra. [Aten.556f, Hyginus.243]
Pittheus had a daughter, Henioche. [Plut.These.25]
3 Others
Pittheus and his brother Troezen emigrated from Pisa to the land that would later become Troezen in Argolis. [Paus.2.30.8]
After Troezen's death, Pittheus annexed Hyperea and Anthea near the present town and founded Troezen. [Paus.2.30.9]
< Penthilus, son of Orestes >
1 Origin
Penthilus was born in Tegea, Arcadia, in 1170 BC.
Penthilus' father was Orestes, son of Agamemnon. [Paus.2.18.6, Strabo.13.1.3, TzeAdLyco.1374]
Penthilus' mother was Erigone, daughter of Aegisthus. [TzeAdLyco.1374]
2 Family
Penthilus had a son, Damasius. [Paus.5.4.3, Paus.7.6.2]
Penthilus had a son, Archelaus (or Echelas). [Strabo.13.1.3, Paus.3.2.1]
3 Other
3.1 Place of Birth
Penthilus was born when his father, Orestes, lived in Orestia, Arcadia. [Apo.E.6.28, TzeAdLyco.1374]
Oresteia was probably located in Tegea, not in the town founded by Oresteus, son of Lycaon, and later renamed Oresteium after Orestes. [Paus.8.3.1-2]
The tomb of Orestes was inside the city gate of Tegea. [Paus.8.54.4]
3.2 Colonization of Lesbos
In 1126 BC, Penthilus led the Aeolians in colonizing Lesbos. [Paus.3.2.1, Strabo.9.2.3]
Furthermore, Penthilus also led a migration of Boeotians. [Strabo.9.2.5]
Penthilus' settlement was on eastern Lesbos. Penthilus was killed by Megacles before establishing a town. [AristPoli.1311b, FGrH.3.195, TzeAdLyco.1374]
< Perseus, son of Pilumnus >
1 Origin
Perseus was born in Chemmis, Nile Delta, Egypt, in 1360 BC. [Herod.2.91]
Perseus' father was Pilumnus. [Dic: Daunus]
Perseus' mother was Danae, daughter of Acrisius. [Herod.7.61, Pliny.3.56, Strabo.10.5.10]
2 Family
Perseus married Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus. [Apo.2.4.3, Herod.7.61]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Perses. [Apo.2.4.5, Herod.7.61, Pliny.7.201]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Sthenelus. [Euseb.177]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Electryon. [Hyginus.244]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Alcaeus. [Apo.2.4.5]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Cynurus. [Pauss.3.2.2]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Mestor. [Apo.2.4.5]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Helius (or Heleus). [Apo.2.4.7, Pauss.3.20.6]
Perseus and Andromeda had a daughter, Gorgophone. [Apo.2.4.5, Pauss.3.1.4]
Perseus and Andromeda had a daughter, Autochthe. [TzeAdLyco.494]
3 Others
3.1 Migration to Argos
In 1349 BC, Perseus emigrated from Egypt to Argos to succeed his grandfather Acrisius. [Estimated from Plut.Mor.106a]
3.2 Exile to Seriphus
In 1343 BC, Perseus killed his grandfather's brother Proetus and fled to the island of Seriphus.
There, Perseus was protected by Dictys and his wife Clymene. [Apo.2.4.1, Hyginus.63, 244]
3.3 Expedition to Lycaonia
Tarhuntaradu, king of Arzawa, who ruled the region centered on Lydia, invaded deep into Hittite territory and occupied Tuwanuwa (Tyana), about 240 km south of Hattusa. [wiki: Tarhuntaradu]
At the same time, Perseus was on an expedition to Iconium (Konya) in Lycaonia in the southern part of the Anatolia peninsula. [MalaChro.2.36, Suda.mu.406]
Iconium was about 185 km west of Tuwanuwa, which Tarhuntaradu had occupied.
Perseus had just come of age at this time, and it is believed that he participated in the expedition of Tarhuntaradu, king of Arzawa, with the army of Ahhiyawa.
In the temple of the citadel of Mycenae, which Perseus founded, a scarab of Tiye, wife of Amenhotep III, was placed. [wiki: Mycenae]
It is believed that the scarab was a gift from Amenhotep III, with whom Tarhuntaradu was on friendly terms, and that Tarhuntaradu gave it to Perseus, who then placed it in the temple.
3.4 Marriage with Andromeda
Afterwards, Perseus migrated to Cepheus, son of Belus, who lived in Ethiopia. [Apo.2.4.3, Herod.7.61]
Belus' father was Archander, the son of Achaeus, who moved from Argos to Egypt and founded Archandropolis in the Nile Delta. [See Belus, son of Archander]
Perseus' father was Pilumnus, the son of Metanastes, the son of Archander. [See Pilumnus]
In other words, Perseus moved to Ethiopia relying on his father's cousin Cepheus.
In 1335 BC, Perseus married Andromeda, the daughter of Cepheus, who was his second cousin. [Apo.2.4.3, Herod.7.61]
3.5 Friendship with Tantalus
Ethiopia, where Perseus lived, was located near the mouth of the Aesepus River in the northwest of the Anatolia Peninsula. [Estimated from Strabo.13.1.11]
The area around Mount Ida near Ethiopia was the territory of Tantalus, the father of Pelops. [Strabo.13.1.11, Strabo.12.8.21]
There was a friendship between Perseus and Tantalus.
This is evidenced by the fact that Perseus' four sons later married the daughters of Pelops, the son of Tantalus.
3.6 Return to Peloponnesus
In 1332 BC, Perseus returned to Peloponnesus, leaving his eldest son Perses in Ethiopia as the successor of Cepheus. [Apo.2.4.5]
Earlier, Acrisius had died and Megapenthes, the son of Proetus, who lived in Tiryns, had seized Argos. [Paus.2.16.2, inferred from Apo.2.4.4]
Perseus occupied Tiryns together with the Achaeans, who had been driven out of Argos. [Inferred from Apo.2.4.4]
3.7 Founding of Mycenae
In 1330 BC, Perseus founded Mycenae and surrounded it with strong walls. [Paus.2.15.4, Paus.7.25.6]
Mycenae is said to have been built on Mount Argium, and Argion, founded by Argus, son of Agenor, was in ruins. [PsPlut.NRM.18]
3.8 Death of Perseus
In 1310 BC, Perseus was killed by Megapenthes, son of Proetus of Argos. [Hyginus.244]
This was in revenge for Perseus' murder of Megapenthes' father Proetus.
After this, Megapenthes killed Lynceus of Abae, and Megapenthes was killed by Abas, son of Lynceus. [Hyginus.244]
This was a power struggle between the descendants of Danaus who lived in Argos, Mycenae, and Abae.
< Peratus, son of Calchinia >
1 Origin
1575 BC, Peratus (or Eratus) was born in Argion (later Mycenae).
Peratus' father was Messapus. [See Messapus]
Peratus' mother was Calchinia. [Paus.2.5.7]
2 Family
Pausanias reports that Plemnaeus, the 11th king of Sicyon, was the son of Peratus. [Paus.2.5.8]
However, there seems to have been a gap of about two generations between Peratus and Plemnaeus.
3 Others
Peratus was the 10th king of Sicyon. [Euseb.Chron.175]
< Peucetius, son of Lycaon >
1 Origin
Peucetius was born in Aegialeia (later Sicyon) in 1655 BC.
Peucetius' father was Lycaon, son of Pelasgus. [Antiq.1.13.1]
Peucetius' mother was Cyllene. [Antiq.1.13.1]
2 Others
In 1635 BC, Peucetius emigrated to the southeastern part of the Italian peninsula. [Antiq.1.11.4, Pliny.3.99]
The people who settled with Peucetius were called Peucetians (or Peucetii, Poedicli) and continued to live in the Calabria peninsula, and the region was called Peucetia. [Antiq.1.11.4, Pliny.3.99]
< Pelasgus, son of Arcas >
1 Origin
Pelasgus was born in Phoroneus (later Argos) in 1710 BC.
Pelasgus' father was Arcas, son of Themisto. [Apo.2.1.1, Antiq.1.11.2, Paus.2.14.4]
Pelasgus' mother was Niobe (or Nioba), daughter of Phoroneus. [Apo.2.1.1, Antiq.1.11.2, Paus.2.14.4]
2 Family
Pelasgus married Deianira, daughter of Lycaon, who lived in Aegialeia (later Sicyon). [Antiq.1.11.2]
Pelasgus and Deianira had a son, Lycaon. [Antiq.1.13.1]
3 Others
The marriage of Pelasgus and Deianira was around the same time that Apis, son of Phoroneus of Argos, occupied Aegialeia. [Orosius.1.7]
Apis, king of Argos, became king of the Aegialians and ruled Aegialeia for 25 years. [Euseb.Chron.173]
It is presumed that Apis married his nephew Pelasgus to Deianira, daughter of Lycaon of Aegialeia, and allowed Pelasgus to rule Aegialeia.
< Parnassus, son of Cleopompus >
1 Origin
Parnassus was born in 1825 BC in the upper reaches of the Cephisus River, which flows north of Mount Parnassus.
Parnassus' father was Cleopompus. [Paus.10.6.1]
2 Family
Inachus is thought to be the son of Parnassus. [Estimated from Paus.10.6.1]
Corycia is thought to be the daughter of Parnassus. [Estimated from Paus.10.6.1]
< Pythes, son of Delphus >
1 Origin
Pythes was born in Delphi in 1680 BC.
Pythes' father was Delphus. [Paus.10.6.5]
2 Other
Delphi was also called Pytho after Pythes. [Paus.10.6.5]
< Phoroneus, son of Inachus >
1 Origin
Phoroneus was born in 1770 BC, near the headwaters of the Cephisus River, north of Mount Parnassus.
Phoroneus' father was Inachus. [Apo.2.1.1, Hyginus.124, Paus.2.15.5]
2 Family
Phoroneus had wives named Teledice, Cinna, and Cerdo. [Apo.2.1.1, 2.21.1, Hyginus.145]
Phoroneus had a son named Apis. [Apo.2.1.1, Euseb.177, Hyginus.145]
Phoroneus had a son named Europs. [Paus.2.34.4]
Phoroneus had a son named Car. [Paus.1.39.5]
Phoroneus had a son named Sparton. [Paus.2.16.4]
Phoroneus had a son, Clymenus. [Paus.2.35.4]
Phoroneus had a daughter, Niobe (Nioba). [Apo.2.1.1, Diod.4.14.4, Hyginus.145]
Phoroneus had a daughter, Chthonia. [Paus.2.35.4]
3 Others
In 1750 BC, Phoroneus migrated from the upper reaches of the Cephisus River to the northeast of the Peloponnesus and founded Phoroneus (later Argos). [Paus.2.15.5]
Aegialeus (or Aezeius), founder of Aegialeia (later Sicyon), died.
Aegialeus' brother Phoroneus left Aegialeia, which had no successor, to his son Europs.
Later, Telchin (or Telchis), a powerful man in Aegialeia, rebelled against Europs' rule and killed him.
Phoroneus attacked Aegialeia and fought the Telchines, led by Telchin, but was defeated. [Estimated from Orosius.1.7]
< Phorbas, son of Criasus >
1 Origin
Phorbas was born in Argos in 1650 BC.
Phorbas' father was Criasus, son of Argus. [AugustCity.18.8, EuriSchoOr.932.02]
Phorbas' mother was Melantomice (or Melantho). [AugustCity.18.8, EuriSchoOr.932.02]
2 Family
Phorbas married Euboea, daughter of Asterion. [EuriSchoOr.932.02]
Phorbas and Euboea had a son, Triopas. [Paus.2.16.1]
Phorbas and Euboea had a daughter, Messene. [EuriSchoOr.932.02]
< Prosymna, daughter of Asterion >
1 Origin
Prosymna was born in Argos in 1640 BC.
Prosymna's father was Asterion. [Paus.2.17.1]
2 Others
Prosymna's name was given to a piece of land below Heraeum. [Paus.2.17.2]
< Peirasus, son of Argus >
1 Origin
In 1677 BC, Peirasus (or Piras, Peiras, Peranthus, Piranthus) was born in Argos.
Peirasus' father was Argus, son of Niobe. [Apo.2.1.2, Paus.2.16.1, Hyginus.124]
2 Family
Peirasus married Callirhoe. [Hyginus.145]
Peirasus and Callirhoe had a son, Triops. [Hyginus.124, 145]
Peirasus and Callirhoe had two sons, Argus and Arestorides. [Hyginus.145]
Peirasus and Callirhoe had a daughter, Callithyia. [Plut.Mor.Fr]
3 Others
In 1620 BC, Peirasus founded the temple of Hera and appointed his daughter Callithyia as a priestess of Hera. [Plut.Mor.Fr]
Hyginus, in his enumeration of the kings of the Argives, lists Peirasus, son of Argus, next to Argus, son of Zeus. Hyginus then lists Triops, son of Peirasus, next to Peirasus. [Hyginus.124]
In the list of kings of the Argives by the chronicler Castor, the names of Peirasus and Triops do not appear, but Peirasus' brother Criasus and his son Phorbas are listed. [Euseb.Chron.177]
Peirasus is believed to have founded a temple to Hera to house the image of Hera made by his father Argus, and it is assumed that Peirasus, not Criasus, succeeded Argus.
< Pelasgus, son of Triopas >
1 Origin
Pelasgus was born in Argos in 1605 BC.
Pelasgus' father was Triopas, son of Phorbas. [Hyginus.145, Paus.2.22.1]
2 Family
Pelasgus had a daughter, Larisa. [Hyginus.145, Paus.2.24.1]
< Peitho, wife of Argus >
1 Origin
Peitho was born in Argos in 1695 BC.
2 Family
Peitho married Argus, son of Niobe. [FGrH.Nr333.F66]
Argus and Peitho had a son, Criasus. [FGrH.Nr333.F66]
Argus and Peitho also presumably had a son named Asterion. [See Asterion]
< Patarus, son of Lycia >
1 Origin
Patarus was born in Lesbos in 1550 BC.
Patarus's mother was Lycia, daughter of Xanthus. [FGrH.1.256]
2 Others
Patarus founded Patara in Lycia. [Strabo.14.3.6]
< Psamathe, son of Crotopus >
1 Origin
Psamathe was born in Tripodiskion, Megara in 1550 BC.
Psamathe's father was Crotopus, son of Agenor. [Paus.2.16.1]
2 Family
Psamathe had a son, Linus. [Paus.2.16.1, Photios.186.19]
< Pelasgus, son of Agenor >
1 Origin
Pelasgus was born in Argos in 1580 BC.
Pelasgus' father was Agenor, son of Triopas. [Hyginus.124]
2 Family
Pelasgus had a son, Lycaon. [Paus.8.2.1, TzeAdLyco.481]
3 Others
In 1560 BC, Pelasgus emigrated to Arcadia. [Paus.8.1.4]
< Phylodameia, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Phylodameia was born in Argos in 1425 BC.
Phylodameia's father was Danaus, son of Belus. [Paus.4.30.2]
2 Family
Phares, who founded Pharae in 1380 BC, south of Aroe in the northwestern Peloponnesus peninsula, was Phylodameia's son. [Paus.7.22.1-5]
Aroe (later Patrae) was founded by Eumelus. [Paus.7.18.2]
Aroe contained the tomb of Aegyptus, son of Belus. [Paus.7.21.13]
From the above, it is assumed that Eumelus was the son of Aegyptus, husband of Phares, and father of Phares. [See Eumelus]
Phylodameia had a son, Phares. [Paus.4.30.2]
Antheias, son of Eumelus, is also thought to be the son of Phylodameia. [Paus.7.18.3]
< Pallas, son of Evander >
1 Origin
Pallas was born in 1230 BC in Pallantium (later part of Rome) in the central Italian peninsula.
Pallas' father was Evander, son of Carmenta. [Virge.8.104]
Pallas' mother was Nicostrate. [Plut.Rom.21]
2 Others
In 1182 BC, Pallas was killed in battle against Turnus, king of the Rutulians, on the side of Aeneas. [Virg.Aene.10.466]
< Proetus, son of Abas >
1 Origin
Proetus was born in Argos in 1400 BC.
Proetus's father was Abas, son of Lynceus. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.2]
Proetus's mother was Aglaia, daughter of Mantineus. [Apo.2.2.1]
2 Family
Proetus married Steneboea, daughter of Amphianax. [Apo.2.2.1]
Steneboea was Proetus' second cousin.
Proetus and Steneboea had a son, Megapenthes. [Apo.2.2.2, Paus.2.16.3]
3 Others
3.1 Expulsion of Acrisius
In 1387 BC, when Abas, son of Lynceus, died, Proetus exiled his twin brother, Acrisius, from Argos. [Euseb.Chron.179]
3.2 Foundation of the Temple of Hera
In 1375 BC, Proetus founded the Temple of Hera near the coast of Sicyon. [Paus.2.12.2]
The area was the birthplace of Archander, the guardian of Proetus' father Abas, and it is believed that Argos had an influence there.
3.3 Emigration to Arcadia
In 1370 BC, Proetus emigrated to Mantineia in Arcadia, pursued by Acrisius, who returned to Argos. [Estimated from Apo.2.2.1]
Mantineus, the father of Proetus' mother Aglaia, lived in Mantineia. [Apo.2.2.1]
3.4 Battle with Acrisius
In 1368 BC, Proetus occupied Tiryns and fought against Acrisius. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.25.7-8]
The battle was inconclusive, and they made a settlement, with Acrisius taking Argos and Proetus taking Tiryns, Heraeum, Mideia, and the coastal areas of Argolis. [Paus.2.16.2, Pindaros.418]
3.5 Death of Proetus
In 1343 BC, Proetus was killed by Acrisius' grandson Perseus. [Hyginus.244]
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